Advanced Green Fuels for Maritime Application-Road Map for India

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The report provides a comprehensive overview of global trends in alternative shipping fuel adoption and maritime energy transition, based on an analysis of over 120,000 vessels. It develops a ranking of low-carbon and Zero and Near Zero (ZNZ) emission fuels for maritime applications in India, evaluated across eight sustainability parameters: (i) well-to-wake greenhouse gas intensity, (ii) life cycle assessment–based GHG reduction potential, (iii) fuel supply readiness, (iv) storage capacity and bunkering infrastructure, (v) global port bunkering readiness, (vi) engine and fuel cell ecosystem development, (vii) fuel costs with and without the proposed IMO GHG emissions tax, and (viii) policy and regulatory gaps. In the absence of a standardized classification for ZNZ fuels, the study considers biofuels and e-fuels with greenhouse gas intensity below the IMO’s annual threshold as ZNZ fuels. The report further estimates India’s alternative and ZNZ fuel demand–supply gap through 2035 and quantifies the green hydrogen and renewable energy capacity required for fuel production.