Opinion

Why decarbonise? And how?

07 Jun 2008 |
| Business Standard

India needs to ask if it is necessary to undertake serious domestic action for decarbonisation, irrespective of pressures from rich countries.

India and other major developing countries have been at the receiving end of pressure by rich industrialised countries for several years, urging them to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. They argue that if these developing countries don't do so, irrespective of any emissions reductions by the rich countries, the world will be plunged into climate catastrophe (untrue); that without them on board, the US will not participate in emissions reductions (self-serving); and that global emissions reductions on the scale proposed by them will involve GDP loss of not more than 1-2 per cent (almost certainly much higher!). The arguments have to be seen in the context of India's per-capita emissions being just 1/20th of that of the US, and from 1/8th to 1/15th of other rich countries, with most developing countries also placed similarly. Over the next year-and-a-half of the climate change negotiations that are to be concluded in December 2009, one may expect the pressure to be greatly intensified, no matter which party assumes power in the US.

Substantial increase in prices is inevitable — it is high time we honestly reflected on this reality

03 Jun 2008 |
Dr Leena Srivastava
,
Ms Ruchika Chawla
| The Economic Times

The past few weeks have seen a lot of dithering on the part of the government about the way the prices of petroleum products should be increased to reflect the consistently increasing international crude oil prices. This discussion reflects poorly on the economic reform programmes of successive governments of India.

The R (Restructuring) Group headed by Dr Vijay Kelkar had submitted its report way back in 1996 suggesting a move towards import parity pricing. Any positive fall out of these recommendations was soon partially rolled back — LPG, kerosene, diesel and petrol were brought back into the realm of control as these were considered to be more socio-economically “sensitive”.

Saving Planet Earth

02 Jun 2008 |
Dr R K Pachauri
| The Times of India, Education Times

Climate change and the threat that it poses to human existence is a major concern today. Even the youth have an important role to play to save planet earth

There are many lessons in human history which provide adequate warning about the chaos and destruction that could take place if we remain guilty of myopic indifference to the progressive erosion and decline of nature's resources. Much has been written, for instance, about the Maya civilization, which flourished during 250-950 AD, but collapsed largely as a result of serious and prolonged drought. Even earlier, some 4,000 years ago a number of well-known Bronze Age cultures also crumbled extending from the Mediterranean to the Indus Valley, including the civilizations, which had blossomed in Mesopotamia. More recent examples of societies that collapsed or faced chaos on account of depletion or degradation of natural resources include the Khmer Empire in South East Asia, Eastern Island, and several others. Changes in climate have historically determined periods of peace as well as conflict.

UMPPs need some Oomph

22 Mar 2008 |
Dr R K Pachauri
| OutlookBusiness

In recent years, the government has aimed to promote ultra mega power projects (UMPPs) across the country. Each of these large-sized projects has a capacity of 4,000 MW and requires an investment of Rs 16,000 crore. Upon completion, the UMPPs will meet the needs of a number of states or state distribution companies on a build-own-operate (BOT) basis. The projects would use supercritical technologies focused on higher fuel efficiency and lower emission of various pollutants, including greenhouse gases.

Perils and progress: Redefining our roles

17 Mar 2008 |
Dr R K Pachauri
| The Economic Times

The human society today faces unprecedented challenges, because while overall economic output in the world as a whole has gone up to levels that, perhaps, a 100 years ago no one would have dreamt of, so also have disparities in income and wealth between and across different societies. Simultaneously, major damage has occurred to the earth's ecosystems and natural resources.

Greenhouse gases: the developed world

14 Mar 2008 |
Dr R K Pachauri
| Time

Most references to the role of China and India in global mitigation of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are generally simplistic. The typical argument put forward highlights the fact that these countries would continue increasing their emissions substantially, and, therefore, any efforts at reduction in the developed world would be more than neutralized by increases in the former. The reality is in fact much more complex. It is important to remember that the problem of human induced climate change has been caused by the cumulative emissions of GHGs with concentration levels at 280 parts per million of CO2 in pre-industrial times growing to around 380 parts per million currently. This increase is largely the result of substantial increase in use of fossil fuels in the industrialized world. For this reason, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) included the principle of "common but differentiated responsibility", requiring the developed countries to take the first steps in mitigating emissions of GHGs. However, the record of the developed world has been less than satisfactory in this regard.

Falling short of the right measures

02 Mar 2008 |
Dr Leena Srivastava
| The Financial Express

It is indeed heartening to see a substantial reflection of the concern around climate change both in the Economic Survey as well as the current Budget. As per the Economic Survey, 309 out of a total of 918 projects registered at a global level are from India and the National CDM Authority has accorded approval to 858 projects facilitating an investment of over Rs 70,000 crore. The finance minister goes a step further to delineate some of the policies and measures that can be put in place to facilitate win-win solutions both for climate change and for India's sustainable development. Among these are promotion of clean technology products, review of fuel emissions and regulations, greater use of solar energy and so on.

The smart-card dichotomy

01 Mar 2008 |
Dr Leena Srivastava
| DNA

As has been largely expected, the Budget is more populist. The key challenges facing the energy sector in the short term centre around rising international crude oil prices, heavy subsidies on LPG/kerosene, under-pricing of transport fuels, huge electricity shortages (peak deficit of 14.8% and energy deficit of 8.4%) and stagnating coal production.

National debt vs natural debt

24 Feb 2008 |
Dr R K Pachauri
| The Times of India

The Annual Budget is, undoubtedly, an important exercise in charting out the direction of government revenues and expenditures, but it also meets a much larger objective in signalling priorities for growth and development. Based on an assessment of long term trends the Budget must clearly indicate structural changes that could be brought about through a mix of fiscal measures.

Every drop counts: Plan a rainwater harvesting system based on the rainfall and water usage pattern

12 Jan 2008 |
Ms K V Rajeshwari
| Hindustan Times

Rain water harvesting is collection of rainwater falling onto catchment areas such as roofs, terraces, lawns, pavements etc, into storage tanks, ponds or aquifers. Rainwater harvesting is an age-old concept, which provides a solution to the problem of increasing water demand by increasing ground water levels. It also helps in controlling the water run off into drains and mitigates resulting water logging problems.