Headquarters
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
Darbari Seth Block, Core 6C,
India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road,
New Delhi - 110 003, India
Balancing Industry and Breath: Assessing Atmospheric Carrying Capacity in Karnataka
Sustainable industrial growth requires more than just economic investment; it demands a scientific understanding of the environment’s 'carrying capacity.' In dense industrial clusters, where factories, power plants, and transport networks converge, air quality often reaches a breaking point.
Post-Green Revolution Challenges
Fifty years after the Green Revolution, India is navigating "second-generation" agricultural challenges. Intensive, inorganic chemical-based farming has led to a decline in crop productivity, deteriorating soil health, and a loss of soil organic carbon. These systems have further resulted in ground and surface water pollution, increased pest incidence, and heightened water stress.
The Hon'ble High Court of Madras, through its order dated 10.01.2025 in WP Nos. 27356 and 28266 of 2022 and WMP Nos. 13292, 13294, 35572, and 3700 of 2024 have directed the concerned authorities to take prompt and decisive action regarding environmental violations. The Court has specifically mandated that fines be levied not with leniency, but through robust control measures based on a scientific assessment of environmental loss and damage.
Air pollution remains one of the most pressing environmental challenges affecting urban health, economic productivity, and overall quality of life in Indian cities. Visakhapatnam, a prominent industrial and coastal hub in Andhra Pradesh, is no exception. As the city continues to expand, it faces persistent air quality issues driven primarily by emissions from industrial activities, including heavy manufacturing, port operations, and thermal power generation.
The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) is an intergovernmental learning and knowledge-sharing centre serving the eight regional member countries of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) , including, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan. Working in partnership with regional members and international organizations, ICIMOD aims to foster a greener, more inclusive, and climate-resilient mountain ecosystem.
The center prepares annual air and water quality status reports for the state of Maharashtra, a project being sponsored by the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB). MPCB regularly monitors the qualitative state of the water resources across the state as well as the air quality across various locations in the state. TERI has been preparing these status reports by statistically compiling and analysing the secondary data received from MPCB whilst developing graphical and spatial illustrations.
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), in partnership with the Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB), Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC), Vijayawada Municipal Corporation (VMC), and other local stakeholders, is implementing an initiative to plan and develop Clean Air Zones (CAZs) in Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP).
The development of a detailed CAZ (clean air zone) plan would focus on measures related to traffic and transportation (such as pedestrianization, cycle tracks, and EV mobility), urban planning (land use plans, heritage conservation), emission control, air quality monitoring and dust control. Through this plan, the program seeks to prioritize solutions based on emission reduction to enhance air quality in the study area. This approach aligns with sectoral sustainability goals by addressing environmental, social, and economic aspects of urban air quality improvement.
The Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) has imposed environmental compensation for 185 brick kiln units located in Thadagam region of Coimbatore district for causing damage to the environment. Subsequently, aggrieved by the same the Brick Kiln units filed writ petitions against the Board's proceeding before the Hon'ble High Court of Madras.
The Hon'ble High Court of Madras vide order dated 27.04.2023 in WP No. 34793 of 2022 has directed the following among other;
The air pollution effect is perennial to the local vendors who are present near the monument and are impacted due to the outdoor air pollution near the monument. Thus, apart from the initiatives to curb air pollution, it is also essential to create awareness about the issue amongst the people whose existence depends on the monuments. Thus, an awareness drive along with the EDF to sensitize these people about the issue, its impacts and individual initiatives that can help in reducing the health impacts and subsequently the impact of air pollution on the monument.