Policy Brief

The Belém Package Recasting Ambition, Equity, and Finance in the Next Phase of Climate Action: A COP30 Debriefing Paper

12 Dec 2025
| Dr Manish Kumar Shrivastava

The 30th annual meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and 7th meeting of the CMA1 convened in Belém from 10- 22 November 2025. This marked a decade since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015. The Brazilian presidency framed the meeting as the “Global Mutirão”, a collective effort to move from commitments to implementation. It approached its leadership by prioritising partnerships not only among countries but also with institutional actors within and beyond UNFCCC.

Strengthening Multilateralism on the Road to COP33 and Beyond

11 Nov 2025
| Dr Shailly Kedia
| Abhilash Kolekar
| Ishita Srivastava

The world remains off-track to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, with global temperature rise projected to exceed 2.5°C by the end of the century. The existing structure of global climate governance is widely regarded inadequate to deliver the pace and scale of transformation that science demands.

Re-anchoring CBDR-RC in Human Development and SDGs for Climate Justice

07 Nov 2025
| Dr Shailly Kedia
| Pujeet Jha

DownloadThe year 2015 marked a pivotal moment for global sustainability with the adoption of the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Yet, the balance between climate ambition and development remains uneven.

ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BLENDED FINANCE FOR CLIMATE ACTION IN INDIA

30 Jun 2025
| Dr Manish Kumar Shrivastava
| K Sai Dinesh
| Amshika Amar

Mobilizing private finance for climate action has become a central concern in both global and national finance agendas, particularly as public funding alone is insufficient to meet the growing investment needs for mitigation and adaptation. Blended finance—defined as the strategic use of public or concessional capital to attract private investment—has emerged as a promising tool to bridge this financing gap. However, despite its potential, its application remains limited in emerging markets like India due to structural barriers, regulatory constraints, and a lack of institutional coordination.

Assessing the Economic Viability and Environmental Benefits of Treating Market Waste Using Anaerobic Digestion: A Case Study of Koyambedu Market in Chennai, India

27 Jun 2025
| Ms Shweta Gautam
| Ms Videesha Velijala

There is significant potential to increase waste diversion in India, which can extend the lifespan of disposal sites, advance a circular economy, reduce emissions, and improve air quality and public health.

Financing Just Transition: Synergies between NCQG and JTWP

18 Nov 2024
| Dr Manish Kumar Shrivastava
| Dorothy Ashmita Biswas

The discussions and negotiations for the JTWP and the NCQG so far reflect the broader challenge of aligning global ambitions with practical actionable steps towards equitable climate action. Looking ahead, the JTWP has the potential to be a framework for deeper, more effective collaboration towards a collective narrative around implementing the Paris Agreement through just transition pathways at global as well as national scales, leading to tangible progress towards a sustainable and equitable future. This potential cannot be realized without a commensurate outcome of the NCQG process. The NCQG must be aligned to the needs of the JTWP outcomes.

Biodiversity and Land Restoration in India: A Narrative of India's Sustainability Efforts Vis-à-vis the World

12 Nov 2024
| Mr R R Rashmi
| Dr Manish Anand

    

Emissions and Consumption: An Approach to Climate Justice

12 Nov 2024
| Mr R R Rashmi
| Dr Shailly Kedia
| Ms Palak Khanna
| Madhuparna Maiti
| Ishita Srivastava

    

A Transformative Global Goal on Adaptation: Scope, Science and Policy

12 Nov 2024
| Ms Suruchi Bhadwal
| Dr Manish Kumar Shrivastava
| Ronnie Abolafia-Rosenzweig
| Christine A. Shields
| Mari R. Tye

   

Road to Baku: The New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance

15 Oct 2024
| Dr Shailly Kedia
| Ms Palak Khanna
| Ishita Srivastava

Climate finance plays a crucial role in climate efforts. This paper examines the evolution of the discussions on the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG), which will be a key determinant of the success of the 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29). Despite recent progress, current climate finance targets and mechanisms remain inadequate. This paper analyses the positions of various countries and coalitions. Developing countries stress the responsibility of developed countries, emphasizing equity in climate finance.