Page 184 - Low Carbon Development in China and India
P. 184
3.6 Research on the Inventory of CO2 Emissions from 2.3
Freight Vehicles
3.6.1 A Modified and Localized Version of the IVE Model
The international vehicle emission (IVE) model is supported by the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and co-
developed by the Center for Environmental Research and Technology,
UC Riverside (CE-CERT), the Global Sustainable Systems Research
(GSSR) and the International Sustainable Systems Research Center
(ISSRC) to meet the needs of controlling pollution from motor vehicles
and to facilitate the related research activities in developing countries.
It provides an estimate of mobile source emissions. The model uses
power-based driving factors, ensuring a higher recognition rate. Its
classifications of vehicle types and levels of vehicle emission control
technologies better suit the needs of developing countries, providing
more transportability and accuracy than the widely used MOBILE
model. At present, the IVE model has been applied in Brazil, Chile,
Mexico, Kazakhstan, Peru, India, Kenya, and many other developing
countries in the world. Researchers from Hangzhou, Beijing, and
Shanghai have also conducted studies on the application of the
IVE model.
However, the measurement of the IVE’s basic motor vehicle
emissions factors are actually based on the federal test procedure (FTP)
bench test results of vehicles that use different levels of technology
in the US. Studies show that there are some differences between
the simulated results and the real assessment of pollutants from
vehicles that use the corresponding level of technology in developing
countries. Hence, based on local conditions, some modifications are
needed for the basic motor vehicle emissions factors.
In China, based on the conditions and characteristics of the on-
road vehicles in China and the actual remote sensing data, the basic
parameters of the IVE were modified and the Honghuan vehicle
exhaust pollutant analysis model was designed. The testing results of
the model show that it can be well-applied. In addition, field tests have
been conducted to verify the results obtained from the simulations of
the model. As seen in Figure 3.6, which contains the measured values
of carbon monoxide (CO), the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and their
simulated values before and after the modification of the IVE model,
the Honghuan model has obviously achieved a higher level of accuracy
in the simulated values than the IVE.
Chapter 3 Informing Sub-national Actions 149
Freight Vehicles
3.6.1 A Modified and Localized Version of the IVE Model
The international vehicle emission (IVE) model is supported by the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and co-
developed by the Center for Environmental Research and Technology,
UC Riverside (CE-CERT), the Global Sustainable Systems Research
(GSSR) and the International Sustainable Systems Research Center
(ISSRC) to meet the needs of controlling pollution from motor vehicles
and to facilitate the related research activities in developing countries.
It provides an estimate of mobile source emissions. The model uses
power-based driving factors, ensuring a higher recognition rate. Its
classifications of vehicle types and levels of vehicle emission control
technologies better suit the needs of developing countries, providing
more transportability and accuracy than the widely used MOBILE
model. At present, the IVE model has been applied in Brazil, Chile,
Mexico, Kazakhstan, Peru, India, Kenya, and many other developing
countries in the world. Researchers from Hangzhou, Beijing, and
Shanghai have also conducted studies on the application of the
IVE model.
However, the measurement of the IVE’s basic motor vehicle
emissions factors are actually based on the federal test procedure (FTP)
bench test results of vehicles that use different levels of technology
in the US. Studies show that there are some differences between
the simulated results and the real assessment of pollutants from
vehicles that use the corresponding level of technology in developing
countries. Hence, based on local conditions, some modifications are
needed for the basic motor vehicle emissions factors.
In China, based on the conditions and characteristics of the on-
road vehicles in China and the actual remote sensing data, the basic
parameters of the IVE were modified and the Honghuan vehicle
exhaust pollutant analysis model was designed. The testing results of
the model show that it can be well-applied. In addition, field tests have
been conducted to verify the results obtained from the simulations of
the model. As seen in Figure 3.6, which contains the measured values
of carbon monoxide (CO), the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and their
simulated values before and after the modification of the IVE model,
the Honghuan model has obviously achieved a higher level of accuracy
in the simulated values than the IVE.
Chapter 3 Informing Sub-national Actions 149
