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policies that foster demand and markets for clean energy (e.g., pricing
mechanisms, public procurement, minimum energy performance
standards, energy efficiency labels, and mandatory targets).
1.3.2 Structured Analysis for Determining Innovation
Priorities
Based on existing analysis, countries have been favouring certain
technologies without using structured analysis and documented
processes to determine clear priorities, resulting in a lack of coherence
in RD&D strategies. Governments should identify existing skills and
knowledge, and those that are required to support the development
and deployment of priority technologies. RD&D and innovation
efforts should focus on a portfolio of technologies selected through
a structured mapping exercise (Figure 1.7) that identifies existing
domestic resources, skills and knowledge, and the policy frameworks
and market mechanisms required to support the development and
deployment of the desired technologies. Such a process should also
help in identifying priority partners for international cooperation and
improve efficiency of domestic efforts.
Figure 1.7 Process for Developing an Energy RD&D Strategy
Source: IEA (2013)
1.3.3 Fostering Innovation Requires Addressing the Entire
Innovation Chain
The combination of direct support for RD&D (e.g., grants, loans, tax
credits) with non-RD&D support for business innovation (e.g., support
for venture capital, public–private partnerships and business networks,
starting up entrepreneurial activities) and targeted policies that foster
52 Low Carbon Development in China and India
mechanisms, public procurement, minimum energy performance
standards, energy efficiency labels, and mandatory targets).
1.3.2 Structured Analysis for Determining Innovation
Priorities
Based on existing analysis, countries have been favouring certain
technologies without using structured analysis and documented
processes to determine clear priorities, resulting in a lack of coherence
in RD&D strategies. Governments should identify existing skills and
knowledge, and those that are required to support the development
and deployment of priority technologies. RD&D and innovation
efforts should focus on a portfolio of technologies selected through
a structured mapping exercise (Figure 1.7) that identifies existing
domestic resources, skills and knowledge, and the policy frameworks
and market mechanisms required to support the development and
deployment of the desired technologies. Such a process should also
help in identifying priority partners for international cooperation and
improve efficiency of domestic efforts.
Figure 1.7 Process for Developing an Energy RD&D Strategy
Source: IEA (2013)
1.3.3 Fostering Innovation Requires Addressing the Entire
Innovation Chain
The combination of direct support for RD&D (e.g., grants, loans, tax
credits) with non-RD&D support for business innovation (e.g., support
for venture capital, public–private partnerships and business networks,
starting up entrepreneurial activities) and targeted policies that foster
52 Low Carbon Development in China and India
