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24 per cent of the total public spending on clean energy RD&D. In 2.1
general, the United States and Europe spend more on RD&D for
renewables than the Pacific region or emerging economies. Data isless
comprehensive for emerging economies than for IEA countries, but
it is clear that RD&D is focused on nuclear energy, fossil fuels, and
transmission, distribution and storage technologies, while deployment
activities concentrate on renewables and energy efficiency.
Most of the 2009 stimulus funds for energy RD&D were attributed
to cleaner fossil fuels research, but since then the trend has reversed
and research spending on all fossil fuels and renewables is now
about equal.
Cumulative spending on projects that demonstrate CCS reached
almost USD 10.2 billion in the period between 2005 and 2012. This
is a significant increase over previous periods, but is still far below
the estimated investment needed to deliver CCS levels envisaged.
Australia and Norway spend just over 30 per cent of their clean energy
RD&D budgets on CCS; Canada spends 37 per cent.
Governments are also ramping up investments in EVs and
HEVs, announcing ambitious targets for their sales (20 million
by 2020). Enhanced RD&D will be fundamental to reaching these
targets. Spending on research into energy efficiency has been fairly
steady since 2000, distributed across industry, residential, and
commercial buildings.
RD&D and Innovation Investment Trends in China
and India
RD&D in non-OECD countries such as China and India is predominantly
funded by governments, and is focused on basic and applied research
rather than on development. Adaptation and improvements on
existing technologies are the main source of innovation.
Data collection on RD&D investment and strategies in emerging
economies needs to be more comprehensive to help decision-making
and international collaboration. Several international initiatives,
including the CEM, have attempted to collect data and report on
energy technology RD&D in emerging economies, but most analyses
focus on OECD countries. Absence of a centralized, reliable source
for RD&D spending data for non-OECD countries, such as China and
India makes it very difficult to compare countries’ initiatives, and to
estimate global public spending on clean energy RD&D.
The information, that is available, indicates that China and
India are increasing their share of global RD&D and innovation.
Chapter 1  Low Carbon Technology and Innovation Policy 49
general, the United States and Europe spend more on RD&D for
renewables than the Pacific region or emerging economies. Data isless
comprehensive for emerging economies than for IEA countries, but
it is clear that RD&D is focused on nuclear energy, fossil fuels, and
transmission, distribution and storage technologies, while deployment
activities concentrate on renewables and energy efficiency.
Most of the 2009 stimulus funds for energy RD&D were attributed
to cleaner fossil fuels research, but since then the trend has reversed
and research spending on all fossil fuels and renewables is now
about equal.
Cumulative spending on projects that demonstrate CCS reached
almost USD 10.2 billion in the period between 2005 and 2012. This
is a significant increase over previous periods, but is still far below
the estimated investment needed to deliver CCS levels envisaged.
Australia and Norway spend just over 30 per cent of their clean energy
RD&D budgets on CCS; Canada spends 37 per cent.
Governments are also ramping up investments in EVs and
HEVs, announcing ambitious targets for their sales (20 million
by 2020). Enhanced RD&D will be fundamental to reaching these
targets. Spending on research into energy efficiency has been fairly
steady since 2000, distributed across industry, residential, and
commercial buildings.
RD&D and Innovation Investment Trends in China
and India
RD&D in non-OECD countries such as China and India is predominantly
funded by governments, and is focused on basic and applied research
rather than on development. Adaptation and improvements on
existing technologies are the main source of innovation.
Data collection on RD&D investment and strategies in emerging
economies needs to be more comprehensive to help decision-making
and international collaboration. Several international initiatives,
including the CEM, have attempted to collect data and report on
energy technology RD&D in emerging economies, but most analyses
focus on OECD countries. Absence of a centralized, reliable source
for RD&D spending data for non-OECD countries, such as China and
India makes it very difficult to compare countries’ initiatives, and to
estimate global public spending on clean energy RD&D.
The information, that is available, indicates that China and
India are increasing their share of global RD&D and innovation.
Chapter 1  Low Carbon Technology and Innovation Policy 49
