Page 43 - Low Carbon Development in China and India
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China and India together constituted about 12 per cent of the global
GDP in 2010 with China contributing to about 9.4 per cent and India
contributing to about 2.7 per cent. During 1990–2010, both India and
China experienced good economic growth, with their GDP growing
at CAGR (compound annual growth rate calculated at current USD)
of 8.5 per cent for India and at 15 per cent per annum for China. It is
important to note that the CAGR for India rose to more than threefold
(3.8 per cent to 13.5 per cent) between 1990–2000 and 2000–2010.
In China, the CAGR has increased from 12.9 per cent during 1990–2000
to 17.3 per cent during 2000–2010.
While, the industry and service sectors together account for over
80 per cent of GDP in India and China, the agriculture sector has
witnessed a steep fall in its contribution towards GDP. The contribution
of agriculture to GDP has declined from 29 per cent in 1990 to 17 per
cent in 2010 in India whereas for China, it declined from 27 per cent in
1990 to 10 per cent in 2010.
Currently, at the aggregate level, India and China consume about
4.3 per cent and 20 per cent of the world’s primary energy, respectively.
India’s primary energy consumption had risen at a CAGR of 5 per
cent in the period 1990–2010 and stood at 520 MTOE in 2010. China’s
primary energy consumption had risen at a CAGR of 7 per cent in
the period 1990–2010 and stood at 2402 MTOE, overtaking the United
States (US) to emerge as the largest consumer of energy in the world
in 2010. Figure 1.3 shows the percentage share of primary energy
consumption for different sources including oil, natural gas, coal,
nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, and renewables in the energy mix for
China, India, OECD and the World respectively for the years of 1990,
2000, 2010 and 2014.
As can be seen from the following figures, both China and India
have high dependency on coal, though the dependence rate in India is
less than that in China. Both China and India have also seen a high rate
in growth of renewables in the period of 1990-2014. It is also important
to note that OECD has seen decline in coal and nuclear in the period
1990-2014.
1.3 The Basis for South–South Cooperation on Low
Carbon Development between China and India
Globally, there is an increasing awareness of the need to move
away from a carbon-intensive growth path. This, however, requires
fundamental policy changes in key sectors of the economy including,
but not restricted to, the energy sector. Beyond the energy sector,
8 Low Carbon Development in China and India
GDP in 2010 with China contributing to about 9.4 per cent and India
contributing to about 2.7 per cent. During 1990–2010, both India and
China experienced good economic growth, with their GDP growing
at CAGR (compound annual growth rate calculated at current USD)
of 8.5 per cent for India and at 15 per cent per annum for China. It is
important to note that the CAGR for India rose to more than threefold
(3.8 per cent to 13.5 per cent) between 1990–2000 and 2000–2010.
In China, the CAGR has increased from 12.9 per cent during 1990–2000
to 17.3 per cent during 2000–2010.
While, the industry and service sectors together account for over
80 per cent of GDP in India and China, the agriculture sector has
witnessed a steep fall in its contribution towards GDP. The contribution
of agriculture to GDP has declined from 29 per cent in 1990 to 17 per
cent in 2010 in India whereas for China, it declined from 27 per cent in
1990 to 10 per cent in 2010.
Currently, at the aggregate level, India and China consume about
4.3 per cent and 20 per cent of the world’s primary energy, respectively.
India’s primary energy consumption had risen at a CAGR of 5 per
cent in the period 1990–2010 and stood at 520 MTOE in 2010. China’s
primary energy consumption had risen at a CAGR of 7 per cent in
the period 1990–2010 and stood at 2402 MTOE, overtaking the United
States (US) to emerge as the largest consumer of energy in the world
in 2010. Figure 1.3 shows the percentage share of primary energy
consumption for different sources including oil, natural gas, coal,
nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, and renewables in the energy mix for
China, India, OECD and the World respectively for the years of 1990,
2000, 2010 and 2014.
As can be seen from the following figures, both China and India
have high dependency on coal, though the dependence rate in India is
less than that in China. Both China and India have also seen a high rate
in growth of renewables in the period of 1990-2014. It is also important
to note that OECD has seen decline in coal and nuclear in the period
1990-2014.
1.3 The Basis for South–South Cooperation on Low
Carbon Development between China and India
Globally, there is an increasing awareness of the need to move
away from a carbon-intensive growth path. This, however, requires
fundamental policy changes in key sectors of the economy including,
but not restricted to, the energy sector. Beyond the energy sector,
8 Low Carbon Development in China and India
