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Table 2.9 Summary of Cities Employing the PPP Form of Financing
Sectors Cities Countries
France
Public biking system Paris France
The UK
Lyon Spain
Spain
London Norway
Sweden
Barcelona Belgium
Ireland
Seville Germany 2.2
The UK
Oslo France
Australia
Stockholm Sweden
Brussels
Dublin
Berlin
Architectural energy conservation London
Paris
Waste disposal Sydney
Gothenburg
Source C40 Best Practices Projects. Available at http://c40.org/home
Charities and related NGOs have also provided a part of the climate
fund, which comes from private donors and enterprises in the form
of charitable foundations’ donation, corporate social responsibility
initiatives, NGO activities, etc. Philanthropy in developed countries
is relatively sounder; the size of donation and the number of
charitable organizations there are both far bigger, relatively speaking.
A considerable number of organizations are concerned about climate
change; this can be corroborated by existing statistical data in this
respect. For instance, according to an estimate of the California
Environmental Associates, foundations in America provide around 21
million US dollars for projects in relation to climate change every year
(CEA 2007).
Domestic grant generally comes from the private sector’s donation.
Private donation can further constitute an important source of fund for
the local governments’ low carbon financing. The philanthropy in China
in relation to climate change has just begun and its fund is generated
mainly from donations by enterprises, social groups, and individuals,
through which money is channelled into the climate change area in
the form of green public offering of funds and corporate social liability
initiatives, etc. The green public funds of China include China Green
Foundation and China Green Carbon Foundation, etc. The sources of
Chapter 2 Innovative Financing for Low Carbon Development 105
Sectors Cities Countries
France
Public biking system Paris France
The UK
Lyon Spain
Spain
London Norway
Sweden
Barcelona Belgium
Ireland
Seville Germany 2.2
The UK
Oslo France
Australia
Stockholm Sweden
Brussels
Dublin
Berlin
Architectural energy conservation London
Paris
Waste disposal Sydney
Gothenburg
Source C40 Best Practices Projects. Available at http://c40.org/home
Charities and related NGOs have also provided a part of the climate
fund, which comes from private donors and enterprises in the form
of charitable foundations’ donation, corporate social responsibility
initiatives, NGO activities, etc. Philanthropy in developed countries
is relatively sounder; the size of donation and the number of
charitable organizations there are both far bigger, relatively speaking.
A considerable number of organizations are concerned about climate
change; this can be corroborated by existing statistical data in this
respect. For instance, according to an estimate of the California
Environmental Associates, foundations in America provide around 21
million US dollars for projects in relation to climate change every year
(CEA 2007).
Domestic grant generally comes from the private sector’s donation.
Private donation can further constitute an important source of fund for
the local governments’ low carbon financing. The philanthropy in China
in relation to climate change has just begun and its fund is generated
mainly from donations by enterprises, social groups, and individuals,
through which money is channelled into the climate change area in
the form of green public offering of funds and corporate social liability
initiatives, etc. The green public funds of China include China Green
Foundation and China Green Carbon Foundation, etc. The sources of
Chapter 2 Innovative Financing for Low Carbon Development 105
