Page 3 - Towards a Policy for Climate Resilient Infrastructure and Services in Coastal Cities
P. 3
Policy Brief
The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat (NMSH) of the On the other hand, in the transport and industry sector, it
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) does focus is usually the private sector and SPVs that are undertaking the
on planning for sustainable urban infrastructure development planning and implementation of large projects. For example,
in the country, given the future risks and impacts associated Goa State Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd (GSIDC)
with climate change; however, the Mission has not been has been floated as a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) and acts as
implemented as yet. a coordinating agency for speedy implementation of all the
infrastructural projects, envisaged by the Government such as
The city level development plans/master plans identify a roads, bridges, flyovers, bus-stands, hospitals, tourism related
number of infrastructure projects to be implemented in the city projects, etc. Similarly, the Infrastructure Corporation of Andhra
over the next 10–20 years. Additionally, in some cases, these Pradesh (INCAP) is the coordinating agency for development of
plans also give a framework for their detailed planning and roads, ports, power projects, airports, railways including urban
implementation. Urban development being a ‘state subject’, the transit projects, telecommunication services, water supply projects
urban development plans are generally prepared by the state and water treatment systems, and industrial parks.
town and country planning departments in coordination with the
respective city development authorities, under the State Urban Apart from being centrally funded, a major share of funding
Development Departments. for large infrastructure projects is mobilized through PPP or
grants/ loans from multilateral/ bilateral agencies, banks, etc.
The Urban Development Plans Formulation and For providing financial support for quality project development
Implementation (UDPFI)Guidelines, recently revised and called activities to the States and the Central Ministries a corpus fund,
the Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and titled ‘India Infrastructure Project Development Fund’ (IIPDF),
Implementation (URDPFI)Guidelines formulated by the Ministry with initial contribution of `100 crore was also set up by the
of Urban Development (MoUD) provides typical thumb-rules and Government of India in 2008 (Department of Economic Affairs,
guidelines that can be used by the urban local body (ULB) or Ministry of Finance, Government of India4). The IIPDF assists
Development Authority for planning of infrastructure and services ordinarily up to 75 per cent of the project development expenses
at city/zonal/neighbourhood level. However, plan implementation in the form of interest free loan.
is typically done by the urban development authority and through
identification of sector-wise infrastructure projects, which are It is important to understand this diversity in the provision of
undertaken by respective sectoral ‘state line’ departments. These large and small infrastructure in a city and the mechanisms that
state line departments, such as the Public Works Department define design and investments as they offer initial entry points for
(PWD), Public Health Engineering Department (PHED), etc., are incorporation of resilience measures in infrastructure.
responsible for undertaking planning, development, execution,
operation, and maintenance of infrastructure and services in Possible entry points to incorporate
urban and rural areas within the state. This is because the financial principles of resilience in infrastructure
outlay is done sector-wise at the state level. planning
Large scale infrastructure development in India is The infrastructure resilience can be accommodated within the
undertaken through a sector-wise framework of Ministries and urban development framework in all mechanisms and processes
nodal departments at the Centre and Line departments at the through:
state level. Typically, targets for infrastructure and industrial Planning and financing of infrastructure development and
development and identification of large scale infrastructure
projects, such as ports, power plants, airports, highway management
corridors, rail or road-based mass rapid transit projects, Use of technical assessments for decision on infrastructure
industrial or SEZs, etc., is done as part of the National and State
Five-Year Plans and Annual Plans by the Planning Commission3 of design and locations
India in coordination with the Central Ministries. The planning, Creating and updating regulations and institutions
development, execution, operation, and maintenance of large Capacity building and awareness generation
infrastructure are then carried out by the sector-specific nodal
public agencies or Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) floated as Planning and financing
specific coordinating agencies. For example, the development
and operation of power projects is undertaken by public utilities Mainstreaming climate change considerations into the planning
at national (National Thermal Power Corporation/National framework of city and state governments can go a long way
Hydro-electric Power Corporation) and state level (State in building resilience. For instance, accounting for climate
electricity boards/Power Corporations). In the recent past, change impacts in zoning and master planning efforts; adopting
with increased disinvestment in power sector, a minor share of measures in building bye-laws, siting norms and regulations,
development of power projects in the thermal and hydroelectric etc., can help in increasing the resilience of existing and future
sector is also being taken care of by the private sector, though infrastructure assets. For the waste management sector, this
nuclear power projects are exclusively dealt by the central could translate to decisions related to siting of landfill sites,
public utility (Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited). compost stations, sorting centres and other disposal/processing
stations. The amendment of landfill siting criteria to include
JUNE 2015 3
The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat (NMSH) of the On the other hand, in the transport and industry sector, it
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) does focus is usually the private sector and SPVs that are undertaking the
on planning for sustainable urban infrastructure development planning and implementation of large projects. For example,
in the country, given the future risks and impacts associated Goa State Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd (GSIDC)
with climate change; however, the Mission has not been has been floated as a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) and acts as
implemented as yet. a coordinating agency for speedy implementation of all the
infrastructural projects, envisaged by the Government such as
The city level development plans/master plans identify a roads, bridges, flyovers, bus-stands, hospitals, tourism related
number of infrastructure projects to be implemented in the city projects, etc. Similarly, the Infrastructure Corporation of Andhra
over the next 10–20 years. Additionally, in some cases, these Pradesh (INCAP) is the coordinating agency for development of
plans also give a framework for their detailed planning and roads, ports, power projects, airports, railways including urban
implementation. Urban development being a ‘state subject’, the transit projects, telecommunication services, water supply projects
urban development plans are generally prepared by the state and water treatment systems, and industrial parks.
town and country planning departments in coordination with the
respective city development authorities, under the State Urban Apart from being centrally funded, a major share of funding
Development Departments. for large infrastructure projects is mobilized through PPP or
grants/ loans from multilateral/ bilateral agencies, banks, etc.
The Urban Development Plans Formulation and For providing financial support for quality project development
Implementation (UDPFI)Guidelines, recently revised and called activities to the States and the Central Ministries a corpus fund,
the Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and titled ‘India Infrastructure Project Development Fund’ (IIPDF),
Implementation (URDPFI)Guidelines formulated by the Ministry with initial contribution of `100 crore was also set up by the
of Urban Development (MoUD) provides typical thumb-rules and Government of India in 2008 (Department of Economic Affairs,
guidelines that can be used by the urban local body (ULB) or Ministry of Finance, Government of India4). The IIPDF assists
Development Authority for planning of infrastructure and services ordinarily up to 75 per cent of the project development expenses
at city/zonal/neighbourhood level. However, plan implementation in the form of interest free loan.
is typically done by the urban development authority and through
identification of sector-wise infrastructure projects, which are It is important to understand this diversity in the provision of
undertaken by respective sectoral ‘state line’ departments. These large and small infrastructure in a city and the mechanisms that
state line departments, such as the Public Works Department define design and investments as they offer initial entry points for
(PWD), Public Health Engineering Department (PHED), etc., are incorporation of resilience measures in infrastructure.
responsible for undertaking planning, development, execution,
operation, and maintenance of infrastructure and services in Possible entry points to incorporate
urban and rural areas within the state. This is because the financial principles of resilience in infrastructure
outlay is done sector-wise at the state level. planning
Large scale infrastructure development in India is The infrastructure resilience can be accommodated within the
undertaken through a sector-wise framework of Ministries and urban development framework in all mechanisms and processes
nodal departments at the Centre and Line departments at the through:
state level. Typically, targets for infrastructure and industrial Planning and financing of infrastructure development and
development and identification of large scale infrastructure
projects, such as ports, power plants, airports, highway management
corridors, rail or road-based mass rapid transit projects, Use of technical assessments for decision on infrastructure
industrial or SEZs, etc., is done as part of the National and State
Five-Year Plans and Annual Plans by the Planning Commission3 of design and locations
India in coordination with the Central Ministries. The planning, Creating and updating regulations and institutions
development, execution, operation, and maintenance of large Capacity building and awareness generation
infrastructure are then carried out by the sector-specific nodal
public agencies or Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) floated as Planning and financing
specific coordinating agencies. For example, the development
and operation of power projects is undertaken by public utilities Mainstreaming climate change considerations into the planning
at national (National Thermal Power Corporation/National framework of city and state governments can go a long way
Hydro-electric Power Corporation) and state level (State in building resilience. For instance, accounting for climate
electricity boards/Power Corporations). In the recent past, change impacts in zoning and master planning efforts; adopting
with increased disinvestment in power sector, a minor share of measures in building bye-laws, siting norms and regulations,
development of power projects in the thermal and hydroelectric etc., can help in increasing the resilience of existing and future
sector is also being taken care of by the private sector, though infrastructure assets. For the waste management sector, this
nuclear power projects are exclusively dealt by the central could translate to decisions related to siting of landfill sites,
public utility (Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited). compost stations, sorting centres and other disposal/processing
stations. The amendment of landfill siting criteria to include
JUNE 2015 3
