Third party water assessment of Coca Cola (India) plant locations

Approach and Methodology

Approach
The third party assessment will focus on two distinct levels: (i) Level 1: Corporate level assessment including questionnaire based secondary data collection from sample Coca-Cola facilities in India consistent with item (ii); (ii) Level 2: Plant level on-site assessment at a select number of Coca-Cola facilities in India.

Level 1: Corporate level assessment
The preliminary step of the Third Party Assessment is to gauge the commitment of Coca Cola India towards maintaining sustainable water resources management practices in all plants where Coca Cola products are manufactured in India, and also ensuring that intake water is appropriately treated prior to use in finished product. This will be done through a review of TCCC corporate level policies, programs and resources that have been put behind this commitment. Specifically, the focus of the assessment will be as follows:

1	Review of mission statements, internally developed codes of conduct of principles, and policies relevant to environmental performance as well as minimum stipulated regulatory norms, which have a bearing on water management practices at Coca Cola India
	1.2 Understanding of externally developed, voluntary environmental charters, principles, or other initiatives to which the Company subscribes or endorses that have a bearing on the water management practices of Coca Cola operation in India
	1.3 Evaluation of programmes and systems laid down to ensure compliance to regulatory norms as well as adherence to voluntarily subscribed /endorsed standards
		1.3.1 Compliance tracking and reporting systems at Corporate level
		1.3.2 Comparative assessment of differences, if any, in TCCC’s (The Coca Cola Company) water management policies, practices, management systems, and compliance mechanisms between wholly-owned TCCC facilities and franchisees/contract packers.
		1.3.3 Systems and procedures initiated by TCCC to share learnings and good water management practices among its different facilities.

2	Review of effluent treatment management policies and adherence to norms
	2.1 Review of TCCC policies relevant to environmental performance, and applicable Indian laws and regulations, which have a bearing on effluent management practices at Coca Cola India
	2.2 Any externally developed, voluntary environmental charters, principles, or other initiatives to which the Company subscribes or endorses having a bearing on the effluent management practices of Coca Cola operation in India
	2.3 Evaluation of programmes and systems laid down to ensure compliance to applicable regulatory norms as well as adherence to voluntarily subscribed /endorsed standards
		2.3.1 Compliance tracking and reporting systems at Corporate level
		2.3.2 Comparative assessment of differences, if any, in water management policies, practices and compliance to company accepted standards between wholly-owned TCCC facilities and franchisees/contract packers.
		2.3.3 Systems and procedures initiated by TCCC to share learnings and good effluent management practices among its different facilities

3	Assessment of water availability and quality parameters taken into consideration for siting of Coca-Cola facilities in India

4	Assessment of steps taken to ameliorate negative water resource impacts, if any, of Coca-Cola operations in India.

Level 2: Plant level on-site assessment
TERI intends to conduct on-site visits at a select number of Coca-Cola facilities in India. The scope of the on-site plant level assessment will encompass an assessment of the following

1	Raw intake water: Study of sources, quantity & quality of intake water based on primary monitoring & secondary information on selected sites.
2	Process water (treated water used inside the plant): Study of process water quality based on primary monitoring.
3	Effluent discharge: Study of the nature, quantity, quality, sources & point of discharge & adherence to discharge norms on a sample plant basis. This shall be undertaken by primary monitoring as well as secondary data information.
4	Water Balance: Establishment of water balance at the facility level based on the available secondary information.
5	Ground water: Study of groundwater quality based on primary monitoring and groundwater level based on secondary information (Study area: within 10 km radius)
6	Community concerns: The study shall cover the community concerns with respect to environmental practices of the plant in general and water related issues in particular. The geographical scope of this perception mapping exercise will be limited to the immediate Gram Panchayat or ward (in case of urban area) where the facility is located.
7	Agricultural Practices: Study of agricultural practices in and around the plant area with regard to agriculture input relating to usage and quality of local area water

Proposed methodology
The following methodology is envisaged for the level 2 assessment study.
The study shall comprise the evaluation of the raw intake water (groundwater or municipal supply, whichever is applicable), process water, and wastewater/ effluent from the identified facilities for each listed parameter below using the following methodology:

Sample Collection
Sample collection shall be undertaken with an aim to get adequate representation of the plant activities. Samples shall be collected as per the prescribed guidelines of APHA 20th edition 1998/ BIS. Samples shall be collected thrice consecutively for each month representative of the pre & post monsoon seasons with details as presented in the table below.

Table 1 Sampling protocol

Sample Source	Location of sampling	Quantity of sample	Type of sampling	Number of samples (from each location)	Protocol/guidelines for sampling & testing
Raw intake water	Inlet(s) of WTP	5 litres	Composite	1	APHA 20th ed. 1998/ BIS 10500
Raw intake water	Outlet(s) of WTP	5 litres	Composite	1	APHA 20th ed. 1998/ BIS 10500
Groundwater samples	bore well/ open well/ hand pumps	2 litres	Composite	10 (max)	APHA 20th ed. 1998/ BIS 10500
Wastewater/ Effluent	Inlet(s) of ETP	5 litres	Composite (1 hourly for 12 hours)	1	APHA 20th ed. 1998/ CPCB guidelines
Wastewater/ Effluent	Outlet(s) of ETP	5 litres	Composite (1 hourly for 12 hours)	1	APHA 20th ed. 1998/ CPCB guidelines
Process water	Plant processing sites	5 litres	Composite	10 (max)	APHA 20th ed. 1998/
Total number of samples	Monthly			25
	Net	Net	Each set of samples in duplicate for two different labs (25 x 2) = 50
	Gross	Gross	For three months (seasonal) (50 x 3) = 150
Frequency of sampling: Each set of above sampling shall be undertaken consecutively for three months viz. one pre-monsoon and two post monsoon.

Samples shall be collected in duplicate and shall be sent to two different laboratories for analysis of the agreed parameters.

Transportation & preservation
All the samples shall be collected, preserved and transported as per the guidelines of APHA 20th edition 1998/BIS: 3025 so as to maintain the integrity and nature of samples intact.

Sample Testing
1. All the collected samples shall be tested for the relevant parameters as per the recommended guidelines as mentioned below:

Table 2 Sampling techniques

Source of samples	Test Parameters	Protocol/relevant guidelines
1. Raw intake water 2. Process water	Physiochemical parameters: pH, Color, Odor, Taste, Alkalinity, TSS, TDS, Turbidity, Sulphate, Nitrate, F, Fe, Chloride, Ca, Mn, Cu, Hg, Cd, Se, As, Al, Pb Zn, Cr, CN, Mineral oil, Anionic surfactants (MBAS) Na, Nitrites, Ni, Mg, Ba, Ag Bacteriological Parameters: MPN Coliform, Faecal Coliform, Pesticides: Aldrin, Alachlor, Butachlor, HCH-Alpha, HCH-Beta, HCH-Gama(Lindane), HCH-Delta, Dieldrin, Endosulfan (Alpha, Beta, Sulphate), 2,4-DDD, 4,4-DDD, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT, Atrazine, Chloropyriphos, Ethion, Isoproturon, Malaoxon, Malathion, Methyl-Parathion, Methyl-Paraxon, Monocrotophos, Phorate, Phorate Sulphoxide, Phorate Sulphone, 2,4-D. Dimethoate, Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Phosphamidon.	BIS:10500 (Drinking water specification); BIS 14543 (Packaged drinking water specification), BIS: 3025 (water & wastewater); USEPA; APHA 20th edition 1998
Wastewater/Effluent	pH, BOD, TSS, O&G, Nitrate-Nitrogen, phosphates, Color, Odor, COD, F, Sulphide, O&G, NH3, Kjeldahl-N, Total Residual Cl2, Phenolic compounds, Mn, Fe, V. Heavy metals: As, Hg, Cr+6, Total Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Se, Ni, CN, Bio-assay test Pesticides: Aldrin, Alachlor, Butachlor, HCH-Alpha, HCH-Beta, HCH-Gama(Lindane), HCH-Delta, Dieldrin, Endosulfan (Alpha, Beta, Sulphate), 2,4-DDD, 4,4-DDD, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT, Atrazine, Chloropyriphos, Ethion, Isoproturon, Malaoxon, Malathion, Methyl-Parathion, Methyl-Paraxon, Monocrotophos, Phorate, Phorate Sulphoxide, Phorate Sulphone, 2,4-D. Dimethoate, Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Phosphamidon.	APHA 20th edition 1998; BIS 3025, USEPA.
Wastewater/ Effluent	pH, BOD, TSS, O&G, Nitrate-Nitrogen, phosphates, Color, Odor, COD, F, Sulphide, O&G, NH3, Kjeldahl-N, Total Residual Cl2, Phenolic compounds, Mn, Fe, V. Heavy metals: As, Hg, Cr+6, Total Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Se, Ni, CN, Bio-assay test Pesticides: Aldrin, Alachlor, Butachlor, HCH-Alpha, HCH-Beta, HCH-Gama(Lindane), HCH-Delta, Dieldrin, Endosulfan (Alpha, Beta, Sulphate), 2,4-DDD, 4,4-DDD, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT, Atrazine, Chloropyriphos, Ethion, Isoproturon, Malaoxon, Malathion, Methyl-Parathion, Methyl-Paraxon, Monocrotophos, Phorate, Phorate Sulphoxide, Phorate Sulphone, 2,4-D. Dimethoate, Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Phosphamidon.	APHA 20th edition 1998; BIS 3025, USEPA.

Coca-Cola representatives may take a split sample at the time of sampling event if they wish so. TERI proposes to send the samples to two independent accredited laboratories.

Laboratories for testing
Testing of the samples shall be done through a NABL, ISO/IEC 17025, ISO-9001 certified lab capable of testing the aforementioned parameters to the applicable level of detection as required by the legal or other norm being evaluated.

Quantitative assessment & water balance
For assessment of water balance and quantum of water & wastewater generated, the following methodology shall be adopted.
Assessment of ETP/WTP discharge & intake through the secondary records available with the plant and inputs from the questionnaire circulated to plant. However the process water flow (closed conduit) shall be monitored by TERI team wherever the need arises.
Assessment of water drawdown/level within the study area through the available secondary information to be provided by the facility.
Based on the secondary data & primary monitoring (wherever necessary), a detailed water balance for the plant shall be established.

Community concern study
The study will look at community concerns relating to water resource management arising out of Coca Cola plant operations in its neighborhood. The proposed methodology to be adopted for this component includes:
Secondary data /information review pertaining to above issues in last 5 years
Media clippings, company records,
Interviews with key company officials
Focus group discussions with key interest groups like local government, NGO, community residing within study area etc

Agricultural Practices
This shall entail secondary data/information gathering by the TERI team to understand the agricultural practices prevalent in the study area in relation to the agricultural inputs to the groundwater (if any) and its subsequent usage. This will include the following:
Evaluation of major agricultural practices in the region (cropping patterns, fertiliser inputs, irrigation technology, pesticide usage).
Potential impact of agricultural practices on water through groundwater quality assessment with aforementioned details in quality assessment.